Técnica do tratamento restaurador atraumatico em estudantes de escola municipal do Rio de Janeiro: avaliação in vitro da influência da proteção superficial e do tempo de entrada em serviço na resistência a tração diametral do cimento de ionômero de vidro utilizado

Tratamento restaurador atraumático tornou-se uma opção real para o tratamento da cárie dentária em saúde pública no Brasil. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar durabilidade, resistência e eficácia de 70 restaurações em 31 alunos (entre 6 a 12 anos de idade na Escola Municipal Rotary, RJ - Brasil). Depois de CPO-D e ceo-exame de acordo com critérios da OMS, todos os alunos com selecionados receberam TRA com VITRO MOLAR - DFL, juntamente com instruções de saúde bucal. Os critérios de exclusão foram a presença de cavidades muito profundas e exposição pulpar, casos em que os alunos foram encaminhados para o Postos de Saúde Municipal. In vitro avaliou-se a influência do tempo de entrada em serviço e do tipo de cobertura protetora utilizada na resistência coesiva do Cimento de Ionômero de Vidro utilizado, por meio de ensaios de tração diametral. Confeccionou-se para o teste de tração diametral 6 espécimes para cada variante, 72 no total, com dimensões de 4 mm de diâmetro por 8 mm de comprimento, divididos entre os grupos: grupo1 sem protetor (controle); grupo2 vaselina sólida; grupo3 verniz para unhas. Realizou-se ensaios mecânicos em uma máquina universal de ensaios EMIC DL 500 MF, após a confecção e estocagem individual dos espécimes em potes plásticos contendo 5 ml de água deionizada, que formaram os subgrupos descritos a seguir: a - 20 minutos; b - 2 horas; c - 24 horas; d - 7 dias. Os dados obtidos foram tratados por ANOVA e por Student Newman-Keuls (p<0,05). Ao se avaliar a influência dos diferentes protetores de superfície no CIV utilizado no presente trabalho observou-se que, os protetores de superfície tiveram influência no comportamento do material (p=0,000), com o verniz para unhas mostrando um desempenho superior ao da vaselina sólida. Quanto ao tempo, não foi possível verificar ruptura do material no prazo de 20 minutos, pois os corpos de prova sofriam deformação elástica catastrófica não sendo adequado para a finalidade desejada. Os tempos de 24 horas e sete dias foram semelhantes entre si e diferentes do tempo de duas horas. As restaurações foram clinicamente avaliadas depois de 6, 12, e 24 meses após sua alocação. No total 72 restaurações foram realizadas em 31 escolares. Depois de seis meses, 5 restaurações fraturaram e 3 perderam algum material. Após 12 meses, oito restaurações foram perdidas e apenas 1 fraturou. Na avaliação após 24 meses, mais 12 restaurações foram perdidas e 3 perderam material. Não foram registradas lesões cariosas secundarias após esse período, mesmo quando as restaurações foram parcialmente perdidas. Clinicamente conclui-se que quando a técnica do TRA é bem indicada e aplicada corretamente pode haver uma redução significativa no número de dentes perdidos por lesões de cárie nos indivíduos que participaram do nosso estudo.

Adhesión de ionómeros vítreos convencionales a ditintos tipos de dentina

Desde su aparición en el año 1972, los cementos de ionómero vítreo han tenido una gran aplicación en varias disciplinas odontológicas tales como, operatoria dental, endodoncia, prótesis, etcétera. (10) La técnica desarrollada por los investigadores preconiza el pretratamiento dentinario con el fin de exponer los grupos calcio de la hidroxiapatita de la dentina para lograr una buena adhesión química de este cemento al elemento dentario. (10) El desarrollo de los ionómeros de alta densidad constituye el comienzo de una nueva manera de encarar el ejercicio profesional con un criterio más biológico, más preventivo y menos invasivo. (5) Dado que este tipo de cemento es muy utilizado en las técnicas de restauración atraumática que se implementan a nivel comunitario y que son realizadas en lugares físicos que no poseen todos los requisitos tecnológicos de un consultorio odontológico, se propuso como objetivo de este estudio medir la eficacia del pretratamiento con ácido poliacrílico al 10% en distintos sustratos dentinarios (normal, cariado y esclerótico) (13) evaluando los resultados mediante la determinación de la resistencia adhesiva del cemento a dichos sustratos.

The use of atraumatic restorative treatment in elderly patients: a randomised controlled clinical trial

Objectives: to assess elderly patients’ dental status and dental habits and compare the survival rates, impact on patients’ quality of life and cost-effectiveness of Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) and a conventional treatment (CT) to restore carious lesions in an elderly population. Methods: In this randomised clinical trial, 99 independently living adults (65-90 yrs) with carious lesions were randomly allocated to receive either ART or CT. Details of restored, missing and carious teeth were recorded and patients answered some questions about their oral hygiene and dental attendance habits. Direct and indirect costs were measured based on treatment time, materials and labour. Effectiveness was measured using restoration survival percentage after one year. The survival of restorations was assessed 6 months and one year after restoration placement by an independent examiner. Oralhealth related quality of life (OHRQoL) was assessed using the OHIP-14 at baseline and 2 months after treatment together with a global transition statement. Results: The patient sample comprised 46 (46.46%) male and 53 (53.54) female participants at baseline, with a mean age of 73.18 (SD=6.76). The mean DMFT of the entire sample was 27.10. Ninety patients and 268 restorations could be assessed after one year, 127 ART (46 patients) and 141 conventional restorations (44 patients). 93.7% and 97.2% of the restorations placed were considered successful in the ART and CT groups, respectively. The OHIP scores did not change dramatically 2 months after treatment, in either group. The global transition scale showed an improvement in overall oral health after treatment for the majority of patients. The ART were more cost-effective compared to the CT restorations. Conclusions: ART presented survival rates similar to CT after 1 year and was a more cost-effective alternative to treat the elderly.

Surface roughness of glass ionomer cements indicated for atraumatic restorative treatment (ART)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surface roughness of four conventional chemically cured glass ionomer cements (Fuji IX, Ketac Molar, Vidrion R and Vitromolar) commonly used in atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) immediately after material preparation. Twenty specimens of each glass ionomer cement were fabricated and surface roughness was measured after material setting. The specimens were further examined under scanning electron microscopy. Data were analyzed statistically by Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney test at 5% significance level. Two-by-two comparisons showed statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between all materials, except for Ketac Molar and Vidrion R, which had statically similar results (p>0.05). Regarding their results of surface roughness, the materials can be presented in a crescent order, as follows: Ketac Molar < Vidrion R < Fuji IX < Vitromolar. In conclusion, from the tested glass ionomer cements, Fuji IX, Ketac Molar and Vidrion R presented acceptable surface roughness after setting reaction while Vitromolar showed remarkably higher surface roughness.

A combined approach for the treatment of resorbed fresh sockets allowing immediate implant restoration: a 2-year follow-up

Introduction: The demand for optimal esthetics has increased with the advance of the implant dentistry and with the desire for easier, safer and faster technique allowing predictable outcomes. Thus, the aim of this case report was to describe a combined approach for the treatment of a periodontally compromised tooth by means of atraumatic tooth extraction, immediate flapless implant placement, autogenous block and particulate bone graft followed by connective tissue graft and immediate provisionalization of the crown in the same operatory time. Case Report: A 27-year-old woman underwent the proposed surgical procedures for the treatment of her compromised maxillary right first premolar. The tooth was removed atraumatically with a periotome without incision. A dental implant was inserted 3 mm apical to the cement-enamel junction of the adjacent teeth enabling the ideal tridimensional implant position. An osteotomy was performed in the maxillary tuber for block bone graft harvesting that allowed the reconstruction of the alveolar buccal plate. Thereafter, an autogenous connective tissue graft was placed to increase both the horizontal and vertical dimensions of the alveolar socket reaching the patient functional and esthetic expectations. Conclusion: This treatment protocol was efficient to create a harmonious gingival architecture with sufficient width and thickness, maintaining the stability of the alveolar bone crest yielding excellent aesthetic results after 2-years of follow-up. We suggest that this approach can be considered a viable alternative for the treatment of periodontally compromised tooth in the maxillary esthetic area enhancing patient comfort and satisfaction.

Ocklawaha River restoration : the fate of the Rodman Reservoir

The Rodman Reservoir, an impoundment on the Ocklawaha River in north central Florida, is a last remnant of the Cross-Florida Barge Canal (CFBC). The canal, conceived in the 1820's, was designed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) to shorten shipping lanes between the Fulf ports and the Atlantic coast. Opposition to CFBC by Florida's young environmental movement led to a half in construction of the CFBC in 1971, but decommissioning of the already-constructed Rodman dam and the reservoir behind it has been mired in controversy every since.

Terra Preta : bioenergy, soil restoration, urban agriculture, art algorithm

The 2010 LAGI competition was held on three underutilized sites in the United Arab Emirates. By choosing Staten Island, New York in 2012 the competition organises have again brought into question new roles for public open space in the contemporary city. In the case of the UEA sites, the competition produced many entries which aimed to create a sculpture and by doing so, they attracted people to the selected empty spaces in an arid climate. In a way these proposals were the incubators and the new characters of these empty spaces. The competition was thus successful at advancing understandings of the expanded role of public open spaces in EAU and elsewhere. LAGI 2012 differs significantly to the UAE program because Fresh Kills Park has already been planned as a public open space for New Yorkers - with or without these clean energy sculptures. Furthermore, Fresh Kills Park is already an (gas) energy generating site in its own right. We believe Fresh Kills Park, as a site, presents a problem which somewhat transcends the aims of the competition brief. Advancing a sustainable urban design proposition for the site therefore requires a fundamental reconsideration of the established paradigms public open space. Hence our strategy is to not only create an energy generating, site specific art work, but to create synergy between the public and the site engagement while at the same time complement the idiosyncrasies of the pre-existing engineered landscape. Current PhD research about energy generation in public open spaces informs this work.

Restoration of native folding of single-stranded DNA sequences through reverse mutations: an indication of a new epigenetic mechanism

We used in vivo (biological), in silico (computational structure prediction), and in vitro (model sequence folding) analyses of single-stranded DNA sequences to show that nucleic acid folding conservation is the selective principle behind a high-frequency single-nucleotide reversion observed in a three-nucleotide mutated motif of the Maize streak virus replication associated protein (Rep) gene. In silico and in vitro studies showed that the three-nucleotide mutation adversely affected Rep nucleic acid folding, and that the single-nucleotide reversion [C(601)A] restored wild-type-like folding. In vivo support came from infecting maize with mutant viruses: those with Rep genes containing nucleotide changes predicted to restore a wild-type-like fold [A(601)/G(601)] preferentially accumulated over those predicted to fold differently [C(601)/T(601)], which frequently reverted to A(601) and displaced the original population. We propose that the selection of native nucleic acid folding is an epigenetic effect, which might have broad implications in the evolution of plants and their viruses.

A wide area monitoring system based load restoration method

Restoring a large-scale power system has always been a complicated and important issue. A lot of research work has been done on different aspects of the whole power system restoration procedure. However, more time will be required to complete the power system restoration process in an actual situation if accurate and real-time system data cannot be obtained. With the development of the wide area monitoring system (WAMS), power system operators are capable of accessing to more accurate data in the restoration stage after a major outage. The ultimate goal of the system restoration is to restore as much load as possible while in the shortest period of time after a blackout, and the restorable load can be estimated by employing WAMS. Moreover, discrete restorable loads are employed considering the limited number of circuit-breaker operations and the practical topology of distribution systems. In this work, a restorable load estimation method is proposed employing WAMS data after the network frame has been reenergized, and WAMS is also employed to monitor the system parameters in case the newly recovered system becomes unstable again. The proposed method has been validated with the New England 39-Bus system and an actual power system in Guangzhou, China.

Re-strengthening 20th century architectural heritage : A case study of Brisbane City Hall restoration

Restoring old buildings to conform the current building policies and standards is a great challenge to engineers and architects. The restoration of the Brisbane City Hall, a heritage building listed by the State of Queensland in Australia, developed an innovative approach to upgrade the building using the method called ‘concrete overlay’ following the guidelines of both the International Council on Monuments and Sites and the Burra Charter of Australia. Concrete overlay is a new method of structural strengthening by drilling new reinforcement and placing new concrete on top of the existing structure, akin to a bone transplant or bone grafting in the case of a human being. This method is popularly used for newer bridges which have suffered load stresses. However, this method had never been used on any heritage buildings which were built on different conditions and standards. The compatibility of this method is currently being monitored. Most of the modern historic buildings are rapidly deteriorating and require immediate interventions in order to be saved. As most of these heritage buildings are on the stage of advanced deterioration, significant attempts are being made and several innovations are being applied to upgrade these structures to conform with the current building requirements. To date, the knowledge and literature in regarding ‘concrete cancer’ in relation to rehabilitating these reinforced concrete heritage structures is significantly lacking. It is hoped that the method of concrete overlay and the case study of Brisbane City Hall restoration will contribute to the development of restoration techniques and policies for Modern Heritage Buildings.